{"id":4774,"date":"2026-08-12T11:17:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T11:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/?p=4774"},"modified":"2026-08-12T11:17:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T11:17:03","slug":"google-microsoft-cloudflare-digicert-prepare-for-2029-pqc-migration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/google-microsoft-cloudflare-digicert-prepare-for-2029-pqc-migration\/","title":{"rendered":"Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare &amp; DigiCert Prepare for 2029 PQC Migration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quantum computers will not only become faster. They&#8217;ll get dangerous. After passing that threshold, they could break <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/ecc-rsa-dsa-encryption-algorithm-difference-to-know\/\">RSA and ECC encryption<\/a> protecting your banking transfers, medical details, and \u201cHTTPS\u201d connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attackers aren&#8217;t waiting. They are currently collecting encrypted data, hoping to eventually be able to decrypt the information as quantum machines become available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is addressed by <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/what-is-post-quantum-cryptography-roadmap-future-and-checklist\/\">Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)<\/a>. It swaps out outmoded algorithms with new math that quantum computers are unable to crack, even in theory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This urgency was driven by four companies. Microsoft, Google and Cloudflare have all pushed their quantum-safe deadlines to 2029, with DigiCert planning its own quantum-safe deadline of 2029 for its infrastructure migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the biggest security vendors of the internet agree on a deadline, it doesn&#8217;t seem like a theoretical thing anymore. Maturing to \u201cpractical\u201d quantum computers isn&#8217;t being careful. It&#8217;s a wager that you are probably going to lose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide will discuss each of the primary roadmaps, clarify why 2029 is such an important milestone for businesses and offer a look at why it matters to businesses and how to be ready.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Will You Learn in This Guide?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the end of this guide, you will be able to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Understand the concept of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The best reasons for doing it now, rather than later&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Google Android Rollout and PQC roadmap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The timeline for Microsoft&#8217;s Quantum Safe Program and the rollout of Azure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since 2022, Cloudflare has been pursuing quantum-safe encryption efforts. Cloudflare has been working on its initiatives for quantum-safe encryption since 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DigiCert&#8217;s certificate and PKI migration solution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why did 2029 become the industry&#8217;s turning point?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preparing your business for the PQC migration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Common pitfalls that can trip up efforts to migrate to PQC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Post-Quantum Cryptography?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is a new breed of cryptographic algorithms that can withstand both classical and quantum computers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are math problems that ordinary computers can&#8217;t solve quickly, such as factoring big numbers or solving elliptic curve problems, upon which classical cryptography (such as RSA, ECC) is based. This is all about to change with the advent of quantum computers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On a potent enough quantum computer, these problems can be solved at least in a fraction of the time using Shor&#8217;s algorithm. That makes RSA and ECC more vulnerable than ever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/harvest-now-decrypt-later-attack-proactive-preparation-against-future-quantum-threats\/\">Harvest Now &#8211; Decrypt Later<\/a>&#8221; situation kicks in. Today, adversaries gather encrypted data and encrypt it such that at a future time, when a quantum computer becomes available, it is able to crack the code and access the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your data isn&#8217;t safe just because quantum computers don&#8217;t exist yet; it&#8217;s only as safe as tomorrow&#8217;s technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NIST turned to the concept of \u201clattice problems\u201d that are harder to solve using classical and quantum computing to solve this problem, and <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/nists-latest-pqc-milestone-9-signature-algorithms-advance-to-round-3\/\">standardised PQC algorithms<\/a> based on different math problems of this nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you don&#8217;t have some uniformity, the Internet&#8217;s protection would be based around different systems. The key exchange is handled by ML-KEM, and the digital signature is handled by ML-DSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most organisations aren&#8217;t replacing old systems with the words &#8216;abandon all hope, all ye who enter&#8217;. They&#8217;re employing hybrid cryptography, which is a mix-and-match between classical and PQC algorithms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That requires <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/what-is-crypto-agility-how-do-you-achieve-it-for-a-quantum-safe-business\/\">crypto agility<\/a>, which means the ability to change algorithms without having to reconstruct the full security stack from scratch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Are Major Technology Companies Accelerating PQC Migration?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Advancements in quantum computing are much greater than the pace most roadmaps have predicted. Advances in error correction and algorithm efficiency have cut down the runway, making \u201csomeday\u201d this decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A group of researchers at Google has recently shown that it is possible to use a more efficient version of Shor&#8217;s algorithm- the exact math that can break RSA and ECC- to break the codes by a wide margin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regulation adds pressure. <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/nist-2024-timeline-for-first-standardized-post-quantum-cryptography\/\">NIST standards<\/a> have been finalised to use quantum-safe cryptography for all federal contractors; there was no longer there to delay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Businesses are posing tough questions to vendors, too. For anyone not able to demonstrate a PQC roadmap from their cloud provider or CA, well, that&#8217;s a footnote become a procurement red flag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, there&#8217;s the replacement issue. Cryptography is touched by many different browser, cloud platform, certificate authority, and enterprise software actors, and these platforms have many different upgrade cycles. Certificates turn over on a monthly basis. Replacing Legacy enterprise systems takes ten years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That discrepancy is the reason that Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare and DigiCert jumped the gun. Relying on a deadline will ensure that you will be late.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let&#8217;s take a look at how each of the big providers will make the change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Microsoft&#8217;s PQC Timeline?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In its war against post-quantum encryption, Microsoft has incorporated the effort into its company-wide security overhaul, the Secure Future Initiative (SFI). This isn&#8217;t an afterthought; it&#8217;s now part of how Microsoft packages up all its products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The original Microsoft Quantum Safe Program (QSP) would have gone through a gradual approach, beginning with infrastructure investments in 2026, Windows and Azure integration in 2027, and full completion in 2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That pace came out of the water when Azure CTO Mark Russinovich exited. Dating that to four years earlier, Microsoft moved its completion date to 2029 due to quantum research&#8217;s rapid progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The updates to Windows&#8217; cryptography are being integrated with SymCrypt, Microsoft&#8217;s basic cryptography library, thus providing encryption for ML-KEM and ML-DSA right in the OS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hybrid modes of operation will be used for legacy connections, and adopting PQC first is planned to be introduced by <strong>Azure TLS <\/strong>before the Jan adoptions of Kyber-based cipher suites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>Microsoft&#8217;s PQC Timeline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Year<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Milestone<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2026<\/td><td>Cryptographic inventory and NIST algorithm adoption begins across core infrastructure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2027<\/td><td>Windows and Azure integration; Kyber ciphersuites preview in Azure TLS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2028<\/td><td>Enterprise transition tools and developer APIs reach general availability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2029<\/td><td>Full PQC readiness target across Microsoft&#8217;s product portfolio<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Microsoft&#8217;s message for enterprises is simple:<\/strong> begin creating a cryptographic inventory now, use <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/tls-1-3-everything-you-need-to-know\/\">TLS 1.3<\/a> as the minimum requirement, and wait for vendors to transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Cloudflare&#8217;s PQC Timeline?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cloudflare took action and didn&#8217;t wait for the deadline to come. It&#8217;s been in use and running in actual production since 2022, ahead of the turn of the phrase &#8220;PQC migration&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The early wager proved to be quite fruitful. Now, the majority of the traffic from point-of-human-origin traversing Cloudflare&#8217;s network is secured with hybrid TLS, with both classical TLS and ML-KEM, so that it&#8217;s not vulnerable to quantum computers even if one method is compromised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The easy part was encryption. Post-quantum authenticity, a data challenge that involves digital signatures, certificates, and the protocol that proves you&#8217;re really speaking with a particular user, is a harder problem for Cloudflare. Indeed, that&#8217;s where its 2029 target is set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The implementation will cover the entire Cloudflare platform: <\/strong>TLS for the browser, API gateways, DNS resolution, and Zero Trust access policies alike must be implemented in a quantum-safe manner that supports current clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>Cloudflare&#8217;s PQC Timeline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Year<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Milestone<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2022<\/td><td>Early post-quantum key exchange experiments in production<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2023-2024<\/td><td>Hybrid TLS rollout across Cloudflare&#8217;s edge network<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2025<\/td><td>Production deployment scales to the majority of human traffic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2026-2028<\/td><td>Expansion into Zero Trust, DNS, and API protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2029<\/td><td>Full post-quantum readiness, including authentication<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rollout made millions of websites on Cloudflare much more protected through its role as a reverse proxy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is DigiCert&#8217;s PQC Timeline?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike Google, Cloudflare, or Microsoft, DigiCert occupies a unique corner of the market. As a <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/ssl\">Certificate Authority<\/a>, it&#8217;s not only protecting its own infrastructure; it&#8217;s issuing certificates of trust that others need to have for their PQC migration to take place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That&#8217;s the essence of the hybrid certificates, DigiCert&#8217;s main tool. These certificates are signed jointly with both <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/classical-vs-quantum-vs-post-quantum-cryptography-difference-explained\/\">classical and post-quantum signatures<\/a>, meaning that in the meantime, a site remains verifiable even if the browser used by the user does not support PQ yet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The more difficult hurdles for DigiCert are <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/solutions\/digicert-trust-lifecycle-manager\">PKI modernisation-related<\/a>, including replacing certificate issuance, validation, and revocation mechanisms with quantum algorithms while maintaining compatibility with all devices that rely on a DigiCert root.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/manual-vs-automated-ssl-certificate-management-why-automation-is-must\/\">Manual certificate management<\/a> will never make it through the change. Indeed, in the interest of crypto agility, DigiCert has made a great effort on lifecycle automation, such as Quantum Central, which can find, inventory, and rotate certificates at scale; the trouble is that crypto agility doesn&#8217;t work if you have to manually replace every server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>DigiCert&#8217;s PQC Timeline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Year<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Milestone<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2023-2024<\/td><td>PQC research and NIST algorithm testing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2025<\/td><td>Hybrid certificate support launched for early adopters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2026-2027<\/td><td>PKI modernisation tools roll out across enterprise customers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2028<\/td><td>Enterprise rollout accelerates; automation becomes standard practice<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2029<\/td><td>Full post-quantum infrastructure migration complete<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DigiCert&#8217;s advice to customers remains the same:<\/strong> make a cryptographic inventory and buy in the algorithms you need; pilot hybrid certificates in test environments; automate the renewal process before certificate expiration, so that a <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/47-day-ssl-tls-mandates-a-step-towards-transitioning-to-automation\/\">47-day certificate lifespan<\/a> doesn&#8217;t surprise your team later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Do the Four PQC Timelines Compare?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>Timeline Comparison<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Provider<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Current Status<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Key Focus<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2029 Goal<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Google<\/strong><\/td><td>Hybrid encryption<\/td><td>Chrome &amp; Cloud<\/td><td>Large-scale migration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Microsoft<\/strong><\/td><td>Enterprise integration<\/td><td>Windows &amp; Azure<\/td><td>Enterprise readiness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cloudflare<\/strong><\/td><td>Internet deployment<\/td><td>TLS &amp; Edge<\/td><td>Internet-wide adoption<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>DigiCert<\/strong><\/td><td>Certificate ecosystem<\/td><td>PKI<\/td><td>Quantum-safe certificates<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>They all have one number in common: 2029<\/strong>. It&#8217;s not that these four companies are reading the same research on quantum vs; it&#8217;s four companies coming to the same conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The difference is the extent. Google and Microsoft build their own Internet walled gardens. Cloudflare protects data as it moves over the open internet. DigiCert protects the trust layer that everyone takes for granted. If one piece is missing, the chain will break.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What should Businesses do now to Prepare for PQC?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There will come a day when a completed PQC plan doesn&#8217;t exist yet! A foundation is required. <strong>Here&#8217;s one that&#8217;s tried and tested:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Inventory Cryptographic Assets:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are no access control systems for things you can&#8217;t see. Map all certificates, keys, and algorithms throughout your systems first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Identify Vulnerable Systems:\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Continue to flag where RSA or ECC is still active, particularly where delivering services to long-term sensitive data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Implement Crypto Agility:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Create systems that can replace algorithms without a complete rebuild. This step is beneficial even if taking one step here and there in quantum time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Evaluate Hybrid Cryptography:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before being forced to use them, test hybrid TLS and hybrid certificates in your staging environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Update Certificate Lifecycle Management:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/automated-ssl-certificates\">Automate renewal now<\/a>. Even if quantum computers materialise on time, shorter certificate validity is soon to follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 6: Monitor Vendor Announcements:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both your cloud provider and CA, as well as your HSM provider, are releasing roadmaps. Use them as if there were dependencies, not a press release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 7: Test before Mandatory Migration:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Execute the pilots first on systems that are not critical. You don&#8217;t want to be left in a sudden 2029 deadline crunch for integration problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Barriers to PQC Migration?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foregone pain is caused by legacy applications. A lot of code written years back typically hardcodes RSA or ECC algorithms, and it is not possible to change algorithms without a general rewrite of the fundamental logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It&#8217;s worse with hardware. Some concerns: embedded devices, HSMs, and smartcards may not have the necessary processing power and\/or firmware flexibility required by PQC algorithms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organisations have to run multiple systems for years due to certificate compatibility problems with older clients that are unable to read\/capable of using hybrid and PQC certificates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adding on vendor dependencies, there&#8217;s a compounded issue. No matter how ready you are, a deadlock between you and your provider&#8217;s or <a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/solutions\/pki-solutions\">cloud-based PKI<\/a> delays your migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your PQC algorithms will also have real performance costs, such as increased key sizes, certificate sizes, and compute overhead. Budget for that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With long migration times and a lack of internal knowledge, it&#8217;s no mystery why employee training needs to be a dedicated budgetary line item, rather than an afterthought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Quantum Shift is Your Organisation&#8217;s This Far, This Long?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/what-is-post-quantum-cryptography-how-to-resist-pqc-attacks\/\">Quantum attack<\/a> is no longer a possibility. The idea of publishing 2029 timelines was a way for Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare, and DigiCert to become proactive, but it wasn&#8217;t precisely for that reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare, and DigiCert didn&#8217;t release 2029 timelines because they wanted to be proactive; it was because the math had shifted and waiting was riskier than acting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PQC is not on the verge of being experimental either. It is already deployed in Chrome, Android, Azure, the edge network of Cloudflare, and the certificate infrastructure of DigiCert, safeguarding real traffic today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This space between organisations will be about launching at the right time. Businesses that have stocked their cryptography and crafted crypto agility are simply going to observe the shift. Waiting for a mandate will scramble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There&#8217;s no rush about an overhaul here. Get to 2029 without putting pressure on the things that work, with crypto agility, hybrid deployments and phased migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Post Quantum Cryptography?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PQC stands for a set of encryption algorithms designed to withstand attacks by classical as well as future quantum computers, overcoming the classical absence of such capability in math problems like factorisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>Why is 2029 an important milestone?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2029 marked the joint appearance of Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare and DigiCert, all aiming to be fully prepared for PQC. Four companies taking up vastly large chunks of the internet independently in the same year is no longer a warning; it&#8217;s a due date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Hybrid Cryptography?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/what-is-hybrid-cryptography-the-practical-path-to-pqc\/\">Hybrid cryptography<\/a> uses a classical algorithm with a quantum-resistant algorithm in a single connection (e.g. X25519 combined with ML-KEM). So as long as either of the two algorithms holds up, your data remains safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>So which Companies are the leaders in taking on PQC?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare, and DigiCert are in the lead, along with other browser vendors, cloud platforms, certificate authorities and standards organisations such as NIST.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>Should Small Businesses plan around PQC?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. The days of deploying PQC are not here, but you should be inventorying your cryptographic resources, keeping an eye on your vendor roadmaps and ensuring that new systems support PQC from the outset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>But will these SSL\/TLS Certificates need to change with PQC?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. Recently, certificate authorities have started issuing hybrid certificates and quantum-safe certificates. Review your CA&#8217;s roadmap and avoid being blindsided later by changes to the CA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>What is the worst error that organisations can make during PQC migration?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Looking for a specific time or date. Interacting with an obligation. Organisations that run to do a last-minute migration would end up in crypto agility and hybrid testing only just before the migration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quantum computers will not only become faster. They&#8217;ll get dangerous. After passing that threshold, they could break RSA and ECC encryption protecting your banking transfers, medical details, and \u201cHTTPS\u201d connections. Attackers aren&#8217;t waiting. They are currently collecting encrypted data, hoping to eventually be able to decrypt the information as quantum machines become available. This is<span class=\"morelink d-block mt-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/google-microsoft-cloudflare-digicert-prepare-for-2029-pqc-migration\/\">Read More<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4776,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[719],"tags":[921,920,922],"class_list":["post-4774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pki","tag-post-quantum-cryptography-migration","tag-pqc-migration-deadline","tag-pqc-transition","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>2029 PQC Deadline: Top Tech Giants Begin Preparing for Migration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover what the 2029 PQC migration deadline means for businesses and how Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare and DigiCert are preparing for post quantum cryptography.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/google-microsoft-cloudflare-digicert-prepare-for-2029-pqc-migration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2029 PQC Deadline: Top Tech Giants Begin Preparing for Migration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover what the 2029 PQC migration deadline means for businesses and how Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare and DigiCert are preparing for post quantum cryptography.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/google-microsoft-cloudflare-digicert-prepare-for-2029-pqc-migration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EncryptedFence by Certera - Web &amp; Cyber Security Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/certeraLLC\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-12T11:17:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-12T11:17:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/certera.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pqc-migration-deadline.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Janki Mehta\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@certera_llc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@certera_llc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Janki Mehta\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/certera.com\\\/blog\\\/google-microsoft-cloudflare-digicert-prepare-for-2029-pqc-migration\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/certera.com\\\/blog\\\/google-microsoft-cloudflare-digicert-prepare-for-2029-pqc-migration\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Janki Mehta\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/certera.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e5a476aa90d9e02260ebfe4b0bf046b7\"},\"headline\":\"Google, Microsoft, Cloudflare &amp; 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