The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced a significant step toward further development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC), as nine digital signature algorithms (DSAs) continue to proceed through the third round of its PQC Standardisation Process (PQCSP). The move follows 18 months of testing and evaluation and marks NIST’s…
Quantum computers are not something you see in movies anymore. They are real. They are a major problem in how we keep things safe online. This includes our bank accounts, the way we talk to each other, and our identities. Most of the ways we keep things secret today are…
Every time you log into your bank, send an email, or connect to a VPN, encryption quietly does the heavy lifting. The internet feels simple. The security underneath it? Anything but simplicity. That’s a problem most newbs miss: No encryption fits all cases. Symmetric encryption is quick but makes key…
Introduction When it comes to sending data over the internet, two main protocols dominate the landscape: TCP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol, and UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. These protocols are important since they determine how information is transferred from one device to another. But what exactly are…
SSL certificates are now expiring faster than avocados. Yes… avocados. You buy them green, blink twice, and suddenly they’re brown and useless. That’s exactly what’s happening to SSL/TLS certificates. Not long ago, certificates lasted years. Then the rules changed, and we got 13-month validity. And now? We’re heading into a…
What is ECDSA? ECDSA, which stands for Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, is a type of cryptographic algorithm that is used for the purpose of authenticating the message content. It is called elliptic curve cryptography, and its foundation is the elliptic curves mathematics that ensures very high security when keys…
The majority of certificate outages don’t begin with a breach alert. They are silent at first. One day, a browser warning appears when your website loads, causing users to hesitate and your traffic to decline. This is due to the fact that most certificate failures are not caused by hackers.…
The encryption protecting billions of dollars, which experts once called unbreakable, no longer works. Hackers don’t need passwords. They don’t brute-force keys. They simply walk through digital vaults that were supposed to last for decades. This is the future quantum computing is pulling toward us quietly, steadily, and faster than…
What Is a Hash Function? A hash function is an arithmetic function that transforms an input (or a ‘message’) into a string of a predetermined number of bytes. The output, such as a hash code or a hash value, is often an equivalent of the data inputs provided. It is…
When it comes to such a problem, a modern person has to maintain the safety of his or her online activities. There is one of the protecting mechanisms to safeguard our data known as Transport Layer Security, or TLS. What is TLS? TLS is a protocol that protects the information…
What is Encoding? Encoding is a process of transforming the data into different parameters to enhance its compatibility, usefulness, and to transmit it through various systems and applications. Therefore, the main purpose of encoding is not security for data but rather compatibility that makes data readable and intelligible to as…
What is 256-Bit Encryption? A 256-bit encryption is associated with the 256-bit key used in different cryptographic algorithms to encrypt data. With 256-bit key encryption, the data is made unreadable without the correct key, making it almost impossible for unauthorized parties to crack it. SSL/TLS protocols are widely used for…
As of September 2025, the certificate authority space is experiencing a significant shift in how they perform domain control and certificate authority authorization (CAA) checks. MPIC (Multi-Perspective Issuance Corroboration) is required under CA/Browser Forum policy for TLS and S/MIME certificate issuance trust. This article will describe MPIC requirements, the technical…
What is Certificate Transparency? Certificate Transparency is an approach that aims to make the PKI more secure by maintaining an open log of X.509 SSL/TLS certificates that are issued to Certificate Authorities. There are three primary objectives of CT: to identify and mitigate instances of mis-issuance of certificates, to aid…
What Is a Cryptographic Bill of Materials or CBOM? A Cryptographic Bill of Materials (CBOM) is a comprehensive inventory of all cryptographic assets, tools, or components used in a software application, hardware system, or other IT infrastructure. Like the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) lists the software components, libraries, and…
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